The control of abnormal grain growth in low-voltage SnO2 varistors by microseed addition

In this research, the addition effects of three different quantities of micron-sized seeds (microseeds) to a SnO₂ varistor prepared from nanomaterials on the microstructure and electrical properties were studied. Moreover, surge-withstanding capability of low-voltage SnO₂ varistors was investigated. The X-ray diffraction pattern disclosed a single phase SnO₂ for microseed grains. The morphological features of samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy. The abnormal distribution of grain size with elongated grains of SnO₂ in fine grains matrix was observed in sintered samples without microseeds. The low content of microseed addition (0.3 wt%) had not controlled abnormal grain growth, however, it increased mean grain size to 37 µm. Although the high content of microseeds (7.5 wt%) stopped abnormal grain growth, it had a negative effect on relative density and mean grain size. The normal grain size distribution with maximum mean grain size (45 µm) was obtained in samples containing 1.5 wt% microseeds. These samples showed the lowest breakdown field (240 V/cm) and the highest surge-withstanding capability (1.5 kA/cm²). Furthermore, the standard deviation of the electrical parameters of these samples was improved due to normal grain-size distribution.     

Estimation of power density in IMPATT using different materials

ABSTRACT

The RF output power dissipated per unit area is calculated using Runge-Kutta method for the high-moderate-moderate-high (n⁺-n-p-p⁺) doping profile of double drift region (DDR)-based impact avalanche transit time (IMPATT) diode by taking different substrate at Ka band. Those substrates are silicon, gallium arsenide, germanium, wurtzite gallium nitride, indium phosphide and 4H-silicon carbide. A comparative study regarding power dissipation ability by the IMPATT using different material is being presented thereby modelling the DDR IMPATT diode in a one-dimensional structure. The IMPATT based on 4H-SiC element has highest power density in the order of 10¹⁰ Wm^?2 and the Si-based counterpart has lowest power density of order 10⁶ Wm^?2 throughout the Ka band. So, 4H-SiC-based IMPATT should be preferable over others for the power density preference based application. This result will be helpful to estimate the power density of the IMPATT for any doping profile and to select the proper element for the optimum design of the IMPATT as far as power density is concerned in the Ka band. Also, we have focused on variation of power density with different junction temperatures and modelled the heat sink with analysis of thermal resistances.     

抽油井不压井作业装置及抽油泵底阀设计

江苏油田的部分油井存在油管短路、地层高压低渗、漏失严重等问题,这些问题造成压井作业困难,并且压井作业过程中的井控与环境污染风险较大。为了进行不压井检泵作业,同时缩短检泵之后的产量恢复周期,进行了不压井作业技术研究,并研制了不压井作业装置。为解决起下抽油杆过程中的防喷问题,改进了抽油泵底阀结构,该结构可实现起下抽油杆过程中油管不带压、无溢流,并保障起下油管过程中的井控安全。该技术在江苏油田现场应用9井次,效果良好。     

海上油田液控智能采油工艺研究

海上油田开发以水平井大斜度井居多,开发井层数多,层间矛盾大。针对目前开发方式无法实现对油层进行精细开采的现状,提出了海上油田液控智能采油工艺技术。该工艺利用八挡位井下液压滑套配合液压解码器可以实现多层的精细开采,同时设计的水嘴结构可以实现多层流量精细的调节与大产液量的调节。井下液压解码器利用排列组合的原理,在降低管线数量的同时,实现了井下层位的选择与高压控制液引导,并通过计算管线摩阻,为现场管线的选择提供了理论支撑。试验结果表明:油嘴结构可以实现0~800 m 3/d的精细调节;井下液压滑套换向功能可靠,换向压力稳定在2 MPa左右,可实现0~2800 m 3/d的产量调节。该工艺不受水深和井斜等限制,最多实现了6层井的精细开采,提高了作业效率,可为海上油田精细化开采提供技术保障,同时也可为深水油田的开发提供技术储备。     

Design,Synthesis, and in vitro Evaluation of P2X7 Antagonists

The P2X7 receptor is a promising target for the treatment of various diseases due to its significant role in inflammation and immune cell signaling. This work describes the design, synthesis, and in vitro evaluation of a series of novel derivatives bearing diverse scaffolds as potent P2X7 antagonists. Our approach was based on structural modifications of reported (adamantan-1-yl)methylbenzamides able to inhibit the receptor activation. The adamantane moieties and the amide bond were replaced, and the replacements were evaluated by a ligand-based pharmacophore model. The antagonistic potency of the synthesized analogues was assessed by two-electrode voltage clamp experiments, using Xenopus laevis oocytes that express the human P2X7 receptor. SAR studies suggested that the replacement of the adamantane ring by an aryl-cyclohexyl moiety afforded the most potent antagonists against the activation of the P2X7 cation channel, with analogue 2-chloro-N-[1-(3-(nitrooxymethyl)phenyl)cyclohexyl)methyl]benzamide ( 56 ) exhibiting the best potency with an IC₅₀ value of 0.39 μM.     

流量伺服阀作压力控制的非典型应用

文章提出并分析了一种用力反馈式流量伺服阀与手动节流阀配合使用,从而对负载进行压力控制的液压桥路。该桥路本质为C型半桥:伺服阀单腔输出,节流阀通过调节回油液阻来调节负载腔压力的起始点,伺服阀根据负载需求改变流量输出。整个压力控制回路为纯机械式控制,稳定可靠,精度可达0.1 bar。     

基于有限元的大流量换向阀仿真分析及结构优化

为了提高大流量换向阀的设计能力,该文采用ANSYS仿真平台对大流量换向阀仿真分析及结构优化。研究结果表明:撞击阶段应力集中区域基本出现在二级阀芯径向进油口部位,此时形成的最大应力等于24.26 MPa,明显比682 MPa的材料屈服极限更低。进液阀套达到了271.83 MPa的最大压应力,但明显低于682 MPa的屈服极限,表明壁厚满足设计标准。进液阀套形最大应力出现在阀套内部,跟瞬态冲击条件下最大应力出现区域存在明显差异。二级阀芯最大应力都出现于阀芯部位,完成结构优化之后,二级阀芯的最大应力发生了显著降低,其余各部位的应力也显著减小,可以满足设计标准。     

Three-phase four-wire shunt active power filter based on the SOGI filter and Lyapunov function for DC bus control

The three-phase four-wire shunt active power filter (SAPF) was developed to suppress the harmonic currents generated by nonlinear loads, and for the compensation of unbalanced nonlinear load currents, reactive power, and the harmonic neutral current. In this work, we consider instantaneous reactive power theory (PQ theory) for reference current identification based on the following two algorithms: the classic low-pass filter (LPF) and the second-order generalized integrator (SOGI) filter. Furthermore, since an important process in SAPF control is the regulation of the DC bus voltage at the capacitor, a new controller based on the Lyapunov function is also proposed. A complete simulation of the resultant active filtering system confirms its validity, which uses the SOGI filter to extract the reference currents from the distorted line currents, compared with the traditional PQ theory based on LPF. In addition, the simulation performed also demonstrates the superiority of the proposed approach, for DC bus voltage control based on the Lyapunov function, compared with the traditional proportional-integral (PI) controller. Both novel approaches contribute towards an improvement in the overall performance of the system, which consists of a small rise and settling time, a very low or nonexistent overshoot, and the minimization of the total harmonic distortion (THD).     

一种数字式高温燃油控制阀的特性研究

该文提出了一种数字式高温燃油控制阀,可以实现对高温燃油的连续精确控制。首先,针对高温的恶劣工况,进行了方案设计,包括前置级伺服阀的选用、主阀阀口的设计、整阀的冷却设计,介绍了其结构组成及工作原理;之后分别对高温阀的热特性和控制特性进行了仿真分析,结果表明该方案的高温阀能够满足设计要求。     

计及损耗的双馈感应风力发电机高电压穿越控制策略

利用换向原理分析其电磁暂态特性，在此基础上，对DFIG输出无功功率与其铜损耗的解析关系进行了理论分析，推导出了使铜损耗最低的DFIG输出无功功率最优参考值。同时，转子的瞬时功率补偿分量减小了DC总线电压的波动，从而减少了转换器的功率损耗。由此，提出了考虑DFIG铜损和转换器损耗的DFIG高电压穿越控制策略。仿真结果表明，该控制策略可以在保证DFIG高电压穿越能力的同时降低DFIG铜损耗与换流器损耗，并具有较好的暂态特性。